The American Bear

Sunshine/Lollipops

Tunisia and Egypt need the Arab revolutions to spread | Seumas Milne

From the first eruption of the Arab revolutions in Tunisia, it was clear that powerful forces would do everything possible to make sure they were brought to heel, or failed. Those included domestic interests which had lost out from the overthrow of the old regimes, Gulf states that feared the contagion would spread to their shores and western powers that had lost strategic clients – and didn’t like the idea of losing any more.

So after Tunisia and Egypt had fallen in quick succession, later uprisings were hijacked, as in Libya, or crushed, as in Bahrain, while sectarian toxins were pumped throughout the region, escalating the bloodshed in Syria in particular, and cash was poured into destabilising or co-opting the post-revolutionary states. [continue]

Egypt's War on Satire: Prosecutor Summons Cairo's Jon Stewart | Informed Comment

I have long held that the worst thing about religious fundamentalism is that it is humorless. And, the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood is proving me right. The Egyptian Prosecutor General has issued a summons to Bassem Yousseffor the comic’s satire on fundamentalist president Muhammad Morsi and for mocking ‘religions.

Aljazeera English reports.

Morsi just justified this satire

Spring of Fury in Egypt | Jadaliyya

Nine months into Morsi’s tenure the record of executive abuse is breathtaking. After decades of military rule, his initial steps to remove the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) from politics appeared salutary. His November constitutional declaration and assertion of unchecked power raised more problems. Yet it too could have been understood as a short-term measure toward ending political uncertainty. The president’s actions, though, soon validated his detractors’ gravest doubts. Rather than later taking extraordinary steps to bridge the fissures that accompanied his election, Morsi alienated his critics and polarized the country. [++]

Kerry says US releasing millions in aid to Egypt | The Guardian

After demonstrating their commitment to human rights and democracy:

CAIRO (AP) — U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry says the Obama administration is rewarding the Egyptian government with financial aid because of Cairo’s promises of economic and political reforms.

Kerry says the U.S. is providing $190 million immediately as part of a larger pledge of $450 million over time.

Kerry says the money reflects Egypt’s “extreme needs” and President Mohammed Morsi’s commitment to satisfying conditions to close a $4.8 billion package of International Monetary Fund loans.

Kerry also says that a separate $60 million is for a new fund to provide direct support to Egyptian entrepreneurs and young people.

The announcement of the aid came after Kerry’s meeting Sunday with Morsi.

I meant their commitment to pay off the IMF. Scratch the first comment.

And another condition - Morsi must maintain the “special relationship” with Israel:

American officials said earlier that Kerry planned to stress the importance of upholding Egypt’s peace agreement with Israel, cracking down on weapons smuggling to extremists in the Gaza Strip and policing the increasingly lawless Sinai Peninsula while continuing to play a positive role in Syria’s civil war.

Egyptian activist dies from police torture: the "new Khaled Said" | Al Akhbar English

An Egyptian activist who slipped into a coma following three days of torture in police custody died on Monday, the health ministry and his party said, setting off a storm over police brutality in the new Egypt.

Mohamed el-Gendy, 28, went missing last month after joining protests demanding change on the second anniversary of Egypt’s uprising against former president Hosni Mubarak.

He was reportedly abducted from the Qasr Al-Nil Bridge on January 28 and found in the intensive care room of the Red Crescent hospital three days later.­

Egypt's Canal Zone Sends Message to Cairo

We don’t like this country any more. We don’t want to be here any more,” said 23-year-old Mohamed Aboud, who on Monday saw his friend, 22-year-old commerce student Osama Sherbini, shot dead by police snipers while he was shopping for his sick father.

Earlier this week, some locals were seen burning Egyptian flags.

“The people in Port Said died in order to satisfy the people in Cairo,” said Saeed Mohamed Ibrahim, a taxi driver carrying a large tricolour of green, yellow and blue, which he had knitted himself the previous day. The flag read in Arabic: “The United Republic of the Canal”. It was not a serious statement of separatist intent, but was indicative of a feeling – common among Port Said demonstrators – that the region had been marginalised by politicians in the capital. >continue<

(Source: zeitvox)

An Egyptian satirist who has made fun of President Mohamed Morsi on television will be investigated by prosecutors following an accusation that he undermined the leader’s standing, a judicial source has said. Bassem Youssef’s case will likely increase concerns over freedom of speech in the post-Hosni Mubarak era, especially when the country’s new constitution includes provisions criticised by rights activists for, among other things, said the source on Tuesday, forbidding insults. … In a separate case, one of Egypt’s leading independent newspapers said it was being investigated by the prosecutor following a complaint from the presidency, which accused it of publishing false news. Egypt cracks down on satirists and media

Egypt referendum: opposition calls for fraud inquiry | guardian.co.uk

Egypt’s opposition has called for an investigation into allegations of fraud in the referendum on the country’s contentious draft constitution, after the Muslim Brotherhood claimed 64% of voters had backed the new charter.

Official results from the two-round poll are scheduled for release on Monday, but the opposition allegations are likely to prolong months of bitter political clashes, which have at times erupted into deadly street battles.

President Mohamed Morsi’s Freedom and Justice party, the Brotherhood’s political arm, said an unofficial tally of the vote showed a majority of the population had backed the constitution. “We hope approving the new constitution would be an historic opportunity to reunite national forces, on the basis of mutual respect and sincere dialogue, in order to achieve stability in this homeland and to complete its constitutional institutions,” the FJP said.

But the opposition National Salvation Front (NSF) said the result had been secured by “fraud, violations and organisational shortcomings”.

“The referendum is not the end game. It is only a battle in this long struggle for the future of Egypt,” it said. “We will not allow a change to the identity of Egypt or the return of the age of tyranny.” [++]

The Muslim Brotherhood, like all revolutionary parties that replace an ancien régime, has inhabited the traditional structures of power. Government ministers and cabinets have been appointed. Parliamentarians have been elected. Judges have been named. But actual power is held, as in most post-revolutionary societies, by parallel party organizations. There are two systems of authority. One is public and ceremonial. The other is secret and unassailable. It is this realization—that the formal positions of power no longer mean anything—that led to the withdrawal of 30 percent of the Constituent Assembly, including several presidential advisers. Public figures in official roles are window dressing.

Egypt’s New Pharaoh | Chris Hedges

Successful revolutionaries, as Crane Brinton wrote, “combine, in varying degrees, very high ideals and a complete contempt for the inhibitions and principles which serve other men as ideals. They present a strange variant of Plato’s pleasant scheme: they are not philosopher-kings but philosopher-killers. They have the realistic, the practical touch very few of the moderate leaders had, and yet they have also enough of the prophet’s fire to hold followers who expect the New Jerusalem around the corner. They are practical men unfettered by common sense, Machiavellians in the service of the Beautiful and the Good.”

The decline and fall of the Muslim Brotherhood | Hani Shukrallah

With the referendum vote happening today, a primer

To chants of “Command, command oh Badei, you command and we obey,” the Muslim Brotherhood in power was fast mutating into the very caricature of itself as painted by its bitterest enemies. Its easily mobilized, effortlessly bussed loyalists, happy to throng in their thousands in typically malevolent and horrifyingly brutal defense of policies and decisions they knew nothing about, now stood in stark contrast to the “new Egyptians” born of the revolution they made – a brave, free and rebellious people who bow to no one, and for whom the very notion of “obedience” is anathema.

Edward Gibbon, from whose seminal 18th century “Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” I borrowed the title of this piece, attributed the descent of the Roman Empire to the loss of “civic virtue”. Be that as it may, the Roman Empire and its ultimately dismal fate are far from being our concern here, but having borrowed the title, I find it difficult to resist the temptation of appropriating Gibbon’s notion to the case of - what I now strongly believe to be - the equally dismal, yet hundreds of times swifter fate of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood.

Nearly two years after the Egyptian revolution, and five months after seizing the nation’s supreme political office, the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood is no longer able to see Egypt as such, and post-revolutionary Egypt in particular. It no longer seems able to perceive itself, and its Salafist and erstwhile Jihadist allies, as members of a nation whose people – through revolution – transformed themselves from subjects to the self-entitled, self-empowering, self-emancipating citizens of a highly diverse and most profoundly pluralistic nation, in terms of its politics, culture, life-style preferences, social locations and interests, ideological and religious persuasions.

Rather, the Brotherhood and its allies, gradually, yet certainly and swiftly, became no longer able to see themselves as part of, let alone partners in, this very specific, living and vibrant Egyptian nation being reborn, but as an advance battalion of a mythical Islamic Umma, for which post-revolution Egypt is little more than spoils ripe for the picking, its people hapless subjects to be conquered and subjugated. All of which, incidentally, might be described in Gibbons’ terms, as entailing the “loss of civic virtue”.

It needn’t have been so. [continue]

(Source: theamericanbear)

Egypt's Morsi Backs down Slightly, but Opposition to Campaign against his Referendum | Juan Cole

On the seeming abrogation of powers by Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi:

[…] Morsi and his people are likely counting on the following:

1. The judges can no longer stop a Muslim Brotherhood constitution from going forward, since the constituent assembly has finished its work and there is no point in trying to dissolve it. In any case, many judges are so angry over the November 22 decree that they are on strike. So, Morsi gets to present his Brotherhood-crafted constitution to the people, and this is a win for him.

2. Morsi and his team know that the leftists, liberals and even many centrists will likely boycott the December 15 referendum. But this gesture is futile, and if they do boycott, it will simply ensure that the constitution passes.

3. The danger that the judiciary might try to undo the August 15 decree subordinating the military to the civilian president has subsided. And, if the new constitution passes, then the decree will be moot, since the constitution specifies the same arrangement. The justices cannot overrule a constitution that was voted in by a majority of those who voted.

In essence, Morsi no longer needs his November 22 decree, since the constitution itself will accomplish most of the work he wanted the decree to perform. When he issued it, he thought the constitution would not be finished for 3 months, and wanted to protect himself and it from Mubarak’s judges in the meantime. The accelerated timeline achieved by the Constituent Assembly, in finishing up the constitution so quickly, allowed Morsi to back down from his decree.

At the same time, he simply is not giving people enough time to absorb and debate the text of the new constitution, and to deliberate on how it might change their lives.

Egypt’s turmoil will continue as long as Morsi clings to this other authoritarian principle, of trying to ram his preferred constitution through.

Read more

Egypt's Morsi Partially Annuls Decree Expanding His Powers | WSJ

Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi withdrew part of a controversial declaration that awarded him near absolute power, a limited concession to protesters whose two-week-long campaign had gridlocked Egyptian politics.

But the new declaration preserves next Saturday as the date of a referendum on a divisive proposed constitution, skirting a key demand of Mr. Morsi’s opponents.

[…] Sunday morning’s announcement preserves articles in Mr. Morsi’s original declaration that replaced the Mubarak-appointed public prosecutors and allowed courts to retry former regime officials if new evidence becomes available. Many Egyptians blamed the public prosecutor for the light sentences handed down to the country’s ousted leaders and police officers accused of corruption and killing protesters.

Mr. Morsi’s new declaration maintains the accelerated timeline for adopting Egypt’s new constitution, defying his opponents’ complaints that Saturday’s referendum would railroad through an Islamist-tinged constitution.

The concession marks only a mild sacrifice for Mr. Morsi … because the power-expanding decree had already prevented Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court from dissolving the constitutional drafting committee.

The Egyptian Struggle Will Continue | Moon of Alabama

The Angry Arab, As’ad AbuKhalil, agrees with David Ignatius (and me) that the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood is cahoots with Washington DC.

Ignatius:

[L]et’s be honest: The Obama administration has been Morsi’s main enabler.

AbuKhalil:

[T]here is clear evidence that the two governments have been working closely together.

Antother enabler of the Brotherhood are the editors of the Guardian. Their editorial today is so lopsided pro-Morsi that it is laughable.

In pre-empting a decision by the constitutional court to derail his constitution, his decree was cast too wide. The final draft of the constitution has many faults, although none are set in stone. The opposition on the other hand has never accepted the results of freely held elections, parliamentary or presidential, and is doing everything to stop new ones being held.

The editrial and especially its last sentence are simply wrong. Even the Guardian’s own correspondent in Cairo denounced it:

Jack Shenker ‏@hackneylad
Let me say once again, I totally disassociate myself from this @Guardian editorial on #Egypt - it’s offensive & wrong

The argument why Morsi’s side is wrong is simple. The referendum in March 2011 won 77% approval with majority of eligible voters voting. That referendum set out the process to get to a new government and to a new constitution. It also included the modified old constitution. There were checks and balances in there and those included the judiciary being able challenge the legislative or executive when it saw them breaking the law.

By issuing his decrees and giving himself immunity Morsi did away with that.

So a 77% approval was overruled by someone who barely won 50% of the votes in a run off election with even less voters participating. This after receiving only some 25% in the first round of the election.

By issuing his decrees, likely in coordination with Washington, Morsi broke the rules a wide majority had voted for. That is what the protest are mainly about. (For other reasons the protesters have see this excellent overview of the various Egyptian interest groups.)

One argument against the protest is that the alternative to Morsi is the renewed rule of the military. But the military has never left the stage:

Accusations that, by stalling the political process, the opposition is courting a coup misread the military’s role in the current crisis. The army is equally invested in the existing draft constitution, which keeps their core prerogatives intact: a secretive budget, officers’ control over the Defense Ministry, a strong say in national security decisions and the right to try civilians in military courts. The generals are relieved to have found a civilian partner who can manage day-to-day political affairs, while ensuring that the military has the autonomy to pursue its own interests outside the purview of democratic oversight. These concessions are consistent with the Muslim Brothers’ pattern of refusing to stand up to the generals whenever their own path to power has been at stake.

The military, paid largely by Washington, is so in bed with Morsi that he can call on it to suppress further protests:

President Mohamed Morsy will soon issue a law that will give judicial and protective powers to the military, according to the state-run Al-Ahram website.

Drafted with the participation of army leaders, the law will task the armed forces with maintaining security and protecting vital installations in the state, until a new constitution takes effect and legitimate parliamentary elections are held.

This is martial law. What is Morsi now but a dictator backed by the military and under Washington’s political control?

Whoever hopes that such an alliance will somehow evolve into democratically legitimated, independent foreign and domestic policies that reflect the values of the Egyptians is wrong. Very wrong.

But that is what the Egyptians had hoped for. That is why the struggle will continue.